Compared to men, women have more risk of experiencing parathyroid gland abnormalities, namely hyperparathyroidism. This risk is getting higher with increasing age, especially at the age of 60 years and over.
The surface of the parathyroid gland is smooth, shaped like a bean. Parathyroid gland, behind the thyroid gland. The color of the parathyroid gland is light brown or darker brown. There are four parathyroid glands. The task of this gland is to help control the amount of calcium in the blood. If the body has a lack of calcium, the parathyroid gland will produce parathyroid hormone which will take calcium from the bones.
Types of hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid gland is overactive. Can be experienced one of several parathyroid glands. This condition often does not cause specific symptoms. Although symptoms appear, sometimes they are almost similar to symptoms in other health conditions, such as feeling tired, weak, the body feels pain and mood disorders.
Hyperparathyroidism is divided into several types depending on the conditions, namely:
- Primary hyperparathyroidism. Namely when the disease is directly sourced in the parathyroid gland. Here it means that the parathyroid gland is experiencing something that can interfere with its function. Primary hyperparathyroidism can result in the body's excess calcium (hypercalcemia). If this happens, the kidneys will work harder to remove excess calcium through urine, so kidney stones can form.
- Secondary hyperparathyroidism. The cause of the disease comes from other organs, especially organs around the parathyroid gland, or the presence of a disorder that is the trigger. For example, lack of vitamin D so that the parathyroid gland tends to produce more parathyroid hormone.
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Just like secondary hyperparathyroidism, the cause is also influenced by other body organs, but what distinguishes it, is tertiary hyperparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid gland continues to produce parathyroid hormone, even though the trigger has stopped giving signals. For example, due to kidney disease.
Possible Causes
Hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by a disturbance in the parathyroid gland which is generally not clearly identified, but a small number of cases are thought to be related to hereditary factors.
The main cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is an adenoma type tumor which can grow in one of the parathyroid glands and cause it to overactive. Keep in mind, this adenoma including benign tumors, and not necessarily cancer. Even in hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid cancer still needs to be watched out for.
To determine whether someone has hyperparathyroidism or not, a blood test can be done to measure hormone levels and calcium levels.
Management of hyperparathyroidism
If proven to suffer from hyperparathyroidism, then treatment can be given according to the type. In hyperparathyroidism caused by disorders of other organs, treatment will be given to overcome the underlying cause. For certain cases, such as hyperparathyroidism with young people who have very high calcium values, hyperparathyroidism accompanied by kidney stones or bone fractures due to osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma tumors and parathyroid cancer, then surgery on the parathyroid glands (parathyroidectomy) may need to be done .
We really can't feel the presence of the parathyroid gland. However, the function of this gland is very important for the continuity of various processes in the body that are closely related to health. So, you should maintain the health of all organs so that the body's health remains optimal.
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